2019年度 センター英語 追試験 第6問 論説文 問題＆解説
大手予備校で中1から高3の基礎クラスから東大クラスまでほとんどのクラスを担当しました。映像授業にも多数出演経験あり。
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資格：英検一級、通訳案内士(英語)、TOEIC950点
趣味：海外旅行、食べ歩き
特技：将棋アマ六段 (全国レーティング選手権優勝 1998)
元技術翻訳者、元富士通
今回の内容
1. 2019年度 センター英語 追試験 第6問 論説文 問題
次の文章を読み、下の問い(A・B)に答えよ。なお、文章の左にある(1)～(6)はパラグラフ(段落)の番号を表している。(配点 36)
(1) Jill, a university student, is studying to be a medical doctor and she knows she has to work hard. However, she also had a dream to be a fiction writer. She wanted to take some writing courses, but after considering the amount of homework she would have, she decided not to because she would be too busy. Now she can concentrate on her medical studies, though she may have some remorse about this decision.
(2) Making choices is a part of life. Sometimes, like Jill, we must choose one thing instead of another. Her decision involved considering the benefits she might have received but had to give up in order to pursue her other plan. What is not chosen is the cost of making a decision. In Jill’s case, the cost of her decision was, in part, the things that she could have learned if she had participated in writing classes. It may seem unnatural for us to think about what we cannot gain rather than the benefits we can get. However, this way of thinking shows that a decision to do one thing involves the costs of not doing something else.
(3) This concept is frequently used in making business decisions. Suppose that a Japanese manufacturer, Company X, has successfully produced a new type of robot and recorded significant profits. Now the company is thinking of expanding its business in one of two ways. One option is to build new factories and branch offices overseas to increase its share of the international market (Choice A). The other option is to try to strengthen domestic sales by putting more money into advertising (Choice B). Although the company might choose either option, what is lost will be different. In the case of Choice A, the cost might be decreased sales in Japan. For Choice B, it might be missing the chance to make advances into the international market.
(4) This concept can be interpreted as a trade-off that requires choosing one option over another. A trade-off happens whenever two options are possible but only one can be selected. For example, City Y, which has benefited by promoting its famous historical spots and beautiful night view to attract tourists, is considering adopting another approach by investing more in industry. However, only one choice can be made due to a limited budget. If the city carries out its new plan, a trade-off will occur. The economy might be improved through the growth of industry, but the number of tourists might decrease.
(5) Life is full of situations like this. For example, Takeshi has to decide where to have lunch: at a restaurant near his university to enjoy reading or listening to music in a comfortable environment, or at the school cafeteria to save time and money. What losses would be involved? One would be the loss of time and money if he chooses the restaurant. The other would be the loss of an enjoyable, relaxing lunch time if he chooses the school cafeteria. Takeshi has to decide what he will sacrifice.
(6) We often have to make choices in our daily lives. The decision can be big or small: which career we should pursue or how we should spend our free time. Whatever choice we make, we will lose something. We can make better decisions by considering both what is gained and what is lost.
A 次の問い(問1～5)の46～50に入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれ下の①～④のうちから一つずつ選べ。
問1 Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word remorse in paragraph (1)? ( 46 )
①confidence
②confusion
③pride
④regret
問2 In paragraphs (1) and (2), Jill ( 47 ).
①concluded that she would benefit from both options at the same time
②considered the effects of taking writing classes on her academic life
③decided to pursue her other plan as she liked writing more than medicine
④felt that there would be no advantages from taking writing classes
問3 According to paragraph ?, which of the following is true? ( 48 )
①If Company X increases advertising, the expense is not an issue.
②If Company X opens a new factory abroad, the expense is higher.
③What Company X loses differs depending on the decision it makes
④What Company X loses is a fundamental principle of its business.
問4 According to paragraph (4), what is the likely outcome if City Y attempts the new investment direction? ( 49 )
①Development of its historic district
②Establishment of new companies
③Increased numbers of visitors
④Reduced demands on its budget
問5 In paragraph ( 5 ), what benefits would Takeshi get if he goes to the restaurant? ( 50
①A closer location and a peaceful atmosphere
②A closer location and additional cash
③A pleasant time and a peaceful atmosphere
④A pleasant time and additional cash
B 次の表は、本文のパラグラフ(段落)の構成と内容をまとめたものである。51～54に入れるのに最も適当なものを、下の①～④のうちから一つずつ選び、表を完成させよ。ただし、同じものを繰り返し選んではいけない。
| Paragraph | Content |
| (1) | Introduction |
| (2) | ( 51 ) |
| (3) | ( 52 ) |
| (4) | ( 53 ) |
| (5) | ( 54 ) |
| (6) | Conclusion |
①Connecting the role of choice to daily lives
②Explaining choices and decisions in a corporate setting
③Looking at choices as life-changing decisions
④Relating government decision-making to the cost of a choice
2. 2019年度 センター英語 追試験 第6問 論説文 解説
第6問の傾向と対策はこちらへどうぞ！
2-1 第6問A 問1 (46) の解説
単語の意味類推問題。
問1 Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word remorse in paragraph (1)? ( 46 )
①confidence 自信
②confusion 混乱
③pride 誇り
④regret 後悔
意味類推問題の解き方のコツはその単語だけ見るのではなく、カタマリ(その文が含まれる一文)をまとめて見ること。
Now she can concentrate on her medical studies, though she may have some remorse about this decision.
「この決定に関していくらかremorseがあるものの、彼女は医学の勉強に集中できている」
医学の勉強に集中できているポジティブな状態なのでremorseの意味はネガティブなはず。ここで①と③は☓。決定に関して混乱があるは不自然。後悔が正解。
「この決定に関していくらか remorse=後悔 があるものの、彼女は医学の勉強に集中できている」
2-2 第6問A 問2 (47) の解説
問2 In paragraphs (1) and (2), Jill ( 47 ).
①concluded that she would benefit from both options at the same time
両方の選択肢から同時に利益を得られるだろうと結論付けた。
②considered the effects of taking writing classes on her academic life
ライティングの授業を受けることが学業に与える影響を考慮した。
③decided to pursue her other plan as she liked writing more than medicine
医学よりもライティングの方が好きだったので他の計画を進めると決心した。
④felt that there would be no advantages from taking writing classes
ライティングの授業を受けることから利点はないだろうと感じた。
(1) Jill, a university student, is studying to be a medical doctor and she knows she has to work hard. However, she also had a dream to be a fiction writer. She wanted to take some writing courses, but after considering the amount of homework she would have, she decided not to because she would be too busy. Now she can concentrate on her medical studies, though she may have some remorse about this decision.
分かりやすい該当箇所は第1段落の第2文。
「彼女はライティングの授業を受けたかったが、宿題の量を考えた後、あまりに忙しくなりそうなので取らないことに決めた」
つまりライティングの授業を取ることで医学の勉強に差し障りがあると考えたということなので②が正解。
①、③、④はいずれも記述なし。
2-3 第6問A 問3 (48) の解説
問3 According to paragraph ?, which of the following is true? ( 48 )
①If Company X increases advertising, the expense is not an issue.
X社が広告を増やす場合、その支出は問題ではない。
②If Company X opens a new factory abroad, the expense is higher.
X社が海外に新しい工場を開く場合、その支出はより高くなる。
③What Company X loses differs depending on the decision it makes
X社が失うものは、その決定次第で異なる。
④What Company X loses is a fundamental principle of its business.
X社が失うものは、そのビジネスの基本原則である。
第3段落の内容は読み取りやすかったと思う。
また第2段落の最後に「あることをする決断はあることをしないという代償を伴う」とJillの事例をまとめている。これが本文全体の主題なので、この事が念頭にあると更に解きやすい。
(3) This concept is frequently used in making business decisions. Suppose that a Japanese manufacturer, Company X, has successfully produced a new type of robot and recorded significant profits. Now the company is thinking of expanding its business in one of two ways. One option is to build new factories and branch offices overseas to increase its share of the international market (Choice A). The other option is to try to strengthen domestic sales by putting more money into advertising (Choice B). Although the company might choose either option, what is lost will be different. In the case of Choice A, the cost might be decreased sales in Japan. For Choice B, it might be missing the chance to make advances into the international market.
X社には海外進出と国内販売強化という2つの選択肢がある。それに対して失うであろうものをまとめると
・Choice A 海外進出 → 国内販売低下
・Choice B 国内販売強化 → 海外市場へ進出する好機を逃す
これをまとめた③「X社が失うものは、その決定次第で異なる」が正解。
2-4 第6問A 問4 (49) の解説
問4 According to paragraph (4), what is the likely outcome if City Y attempts the new investment direction? ( 49 )
①Development of its historic district その歴史的地区の発展
②Establishment of new companies 新しい会社の設立
③Increased numbers of visitors 訪問者の数の増加
④Reduced demands on its budget 予算への要求の減少
(4) This concept can be interpreted as a trade-off that requires choosing one option over another. A trade-off happens whenever two options are possible but only one can be selected. For example, City Y, which has benefited by promoting its famous historical spots and beautiful night view to attract tourists, is considering adopting another approach by investing more in industry. However, only one choice can be made due to a limited budget. If the city carries out its new plan, a trade-off will occur. The economy might be improved through the growth of industry, but the number of tourists might decrease.
観光客を引きつけるために歴史的な名所と美しい夜景を促進することにより利益を得ているY市は、もっと産業に投資にする取り組みを採用をすることを考えている。
産業に投資して生じるのは②の新しい会社の設立。
ちなみに本文に出てくる”trade-off”より有利なものを得るために何かを差し出す取引のことで、相殺という意味になることもあります。
しげT
2-5 第6問A 問5 (50) の解説
問5 In paragraph ( 5 ), what benefits would Takeshi get if he goes to the restaurant? ( 50 )
①A closer location and a peaceful atmosphere より近い場所と落ち着いた環境
②A closer location and additional cash より近い場所と追加現金
③A pleasant time and a peaceful atmosphere 楽しい時間と落ち着いた環境
④A pleasant time and additional cash 楽しい時間と追加現金
(5) Life is full of situations like this. For example, Takeshi has to decide where to have lunch: at a restaurant near his university to enjoy reading or listening to music in a comfortable environment, or at the school cafeteria to save time and money. What losses would be involved? One would be the loss of time and money if he chooses the restaurant. The other would be the loss of an enjoyable, relaxing lunch time if he chooses the school cafeteria. Takeshi has to decide what he will sacrifice.
Takeshi はどちらで昼食を食べるか決断しなければいけない。
レストラン → 快適な環境で読書は音楽鑑賞を楽しめる
学食 →時間とお金の節約になる
ここからTakeshiがレストランに行くことから得られるものは③
①と②はレストランの方が学食より近いとの比較は書かれていないので☓。あくまで大学に近いレストランと書いてあるだけ。
④の追加料金は得られるものではなく、払わなければならないもの。
2-6 第6問 B (51～54) の解説
B 次の表は、本文のパラグラフ(段落)の構成と内容をまとめたものである。51～54に入れるのに最も適当なものを、下の①～④のうちから一つずつ選び、表を完成させよ。ただし、同じものを繰り返し選んではいけない。
| Paragraph | Content |
| (1) | Introduction |
| (2) | ( 51 ) |
| (3) | ( 52 ) |
| (4) | ( 53 ) |
| (5) | ( 54 ) |
| (6) | Conclusion |
①Connecting the role of choice to daily lives
選択の役目を日常生活と結びつけること
( 54 )
②Explaining choices and decisions in a corporate setting
企業環境における選択と決定を説明すること
( 52 )
③Looking at choices as life-changing decisions
選択を人生を変えるような決定とみなす
( 51 )
④Relating government decision-making to the cost of a choice
政府の意思決定と選択の代償を関連付ける
( 53 )
①はdaily lives がTakeshi の昼食選択のことなので、第5段落で( 54 )。
②はa corporate setting がX社のことなので 第3段落で( 52 )。
③はlife-changing decisionsがJillのライティングを選択するかどうかの話なので第2段落で ( 51 )。
④はgovernment decision-making がY市のことなので第4段落で( 53 )。
2019年追試の第6問は全体的に素直な問題が多かった印象です。
しげT
大手予備校で中1から高3の基礎クラスから東大クラスまでほとんどのクラスを担当しました。映像授業にも多数出演経験あり。
元東海大非常勤講師。
「大学入試英語解く得！」は最高PV数 34,212 / 日
質・量ともに日本一分かりやすい大学入試英語対策ページを目指します！
資格：英検一級、通訳案内士(英語)、TOEIC950点
趣味：海外旅行、食べ歩き
特技：将棋アマ六段 (全国レーティング選手権優勝 1998)
元技術翻訳者、元富士通
Comment
ありがとうございます。勉強になりました。
お役にたてて嬉しいです。